Gobernanza Policéntrica de la Resiliencia Urbana: Traduciendo Agendas Globales a Acción Local
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La traducción de agendas globales en acciones locales es un proceso no lineal de gobernanza multinivel entre una diversidad de actores. Este artículo analiza dicho proceso utilizando la resiliencia urbana como caso de estudio. Se examina cómo los conceptos se formulan teóricamente, se negocian políticamente y se operacionalizan en la práctica. Mediante un análisis documental de los marcos teóricos sobre la resiliencia (estáticos vs. dinámicos), las principales agendas políticas globales (Marco de Sendai para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres, Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible y Acuerdo de París) y los mecanismos de implementación a escala urbana (Nueva Agenda Urbana y redes de ciudades), se exploran la relación entre esta conceptualización, negociación e implementación en diferentes niveles de gobernanza. Se argumenta que, a pesar de las inconsistencias y tensiones inherentes entre las esferas teóricas, políticas y prácticas, estas se apoyan funcionalmente permitiendo adaptar los objetivos globales a los contextos locales. El análisis contrasta el enfoque descendente (top-down) de la Nueva Agenda Urbana con la naturaleza descentralizada y ascendente (bottom-up) de las redes de ciudades, posicionándolas como mecanismos complementarios dentro de un sistema de gobernanza multinivel. Se concluye que la efectividad de la gobernanza para la resiliencia no reside en la búsqueda de una unificación conceptual, sino en fortalecer las interrelaciones y la retroalimentación entre la academia, la política y la práctica, reconociendo que gestionar sus tensiones inherentes es fundamental para generar soluciones de impacto duradero y adecuadas al contexto
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